The brain is composed of a network of over 100 billion nerve cells, or neurons, that branches out and connects in over 100 trillion places, forming a “neuron forest.” Each neuron is made up of a cell body, dendrites, and axons, which work together to pass along signals from one end of the system to the other end. Within this complex system, signals are passed on through an action potential as well as chemical signals known as neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and serotonin, are chemicals within the brain that send out specific signals. As an individual gets older, the brain sends out less and less neurotransmitters, which is somewhat connected to learning impairment or memory loss.
About ten years ago, the neurodegenerative disorders were connected to neural cell death. However, as mentioned in my previous post, technological advancements have helped us to understand that these disorders are associated with plaque formations in the brain. Recent research has led to the Free Radical Theory, as stated by Dr. Stuart Lipton of The Burnham Institute. Free radicals are oxygen and nitrogen related molecules that are produced as a result of metabolic pathways within the body, and an excess of free radicals lead to aggregates of misfolded proteins within the brain. For example, clusters of misfolded proteins in the brain, called Lewy bodies, are found in patients with Parkinson’s disease; plaque in patients with Alzheimer’s patients; and prions in cows with Mad Cow Disease.
What have researchers said about preventing mental impairment due to free radicals? Take antioxidants to fight the oxidizing effects of free radicals. Consuming blueberries or vitamin E and drinking green tea or red wine can help decrease free radicals within the body. However, most of these don’t work well enough to completely stave off the effects of free radicals. Thus, normal every day activities will lead to the gradual decay of the brain.
Resources:
1. http://alzheimer.ca/english/alzheimer_brain_mini_site/05.htm
the same a computer has 2 class of memory: RAM (read/record) and ROM (redorded in factory and only read by microprocessor, a human being also has 2 class of Memory (read(record) and that it is firm recorded in genes
ReplyDeletethe same a computer has 2 class of memory: RAM (read/record) and ROM (redorded in factory and only read by microprocessor, a human being also has 2 class of Memory (read(record) and that it is firm recorded in genes
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